Maharashtra State Board · Class 10 · Biology · Chapter 2

Life Processes — Formula Sheet

Board Formulas

6 formulas

1.Photosynthesis Equation★
$6 C O_{2} + 6 H_{2} O sunlight, chlorophyll C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6 O_{2}$
Occurs in chloroplasts of green leaves. Endothermic — absorbs sunlight.
2.Aerobic Respiration★
$C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6 O_{2} \to 6 C O_{2} + 6 H_{2} O + Energy (38 ATP)$
In mitochondria. Requires oxygen. Complete oxidation of glucose.
3.Anaerobic Respiration in Muscles
$C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} \to 2 Lactic acid + Energy (2 ATP)$
During heavy exercise, oxygen supply lags. Lactic acid causes cramps.
4.Fermentation in Yeast
$C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} \to 2 C_{2} H_{5} O H + 2 C O_{2} + Energy$
Yeast produces ethanol and CO₂ under anaerobic conditions. Used in brewing and bread-making.
5.Rate of Photosynthesis
$Rate \propto light intensity \times [C O_{2}] \times chlorophyll$
Limited by whichever factor is least available (limiting factor).
6.Glomerular Filtration Rate★
$GF R \approx 125 mL/min$
Rate at which blood is filtered in the nephrons. About 180 L/day, but only ~1.5 L becomes urine.