Maharashtra State Board · Class 10 · Biology · Chapter 3

Reproduction in Organisms — Formula Sheet

Board Formulas

6 formulas

1.Ploidy Change During Reproduction★
$Gamete (n) + Gamete (n) \to Zygote (2n)$
Meiosis halves chromosome number (2n → n); fertilisation restores diploidy.
2.Binary Fission
$1 parent \to 2 daughters$
Amoeba, bacteria, paramecium. Simple division into two.
3.Multiple Fission
$1 parent \to many daughters$
Plasmodium (malaria parasite). Nucleus divides multiple times before cytoplasm.
4.Budding
$Parent \to Parent + Bud (offspring)$
Yeast, Hydra. Small outgrowth develops into a new organism.
5.Menstrual Cycle★
$Duration \approx 28 days; Ovulation \approx day 14$
Cycle: menstruation (1–5), follicular (6–14), ovulation (~14), luteal (15–28).
6.Gestation Period (Human)
$\approx 40 weeks or 9 months$
From fertilisation to birth. Foetus develops inside the uterus.