Maharashtra State Board · Class 10 · Physics · Chapter 1

Laws of Motion — Formula Sheet

Board Formulas

7 formulas

1.Newton's Second Law (Force)★
$F = ma$
$F$ : Net force (N) · $m$ : Mass of the body (kg) · $a$ : Acceleration (m/s²)
Net force = mass × acceleration. Unit of F: newton (N) = kg·m/s².
2.Linear Momentum★
$p = m v$
Vector quantity. Direction same as velocity. Unit: kg·m/s.
3.Impulse
$J = F Δ t = Δ p = m (v - u)$
Impulse = force × time = change in momentum. Same units as momentum.
4.Conservation of Linear Momentum★
$m_{1} u_{1} + m_{2} u_{2} = m_{1} v_{1} + m_{2} v_{2}$
Total momentum of an isolated system is conserved (no external force).
5.Weight (Special Case of F = ma)
$W = m g$
Weight is the gravitational force. Direction: towards centre of Earth.
6.Recoil Velocity (from Momentum Conservation)
$V = - \frac{m v}{M}$
Gun of mass M fires bullet of mass m with velocity v; minus sign shows recoil is opposite.
7.Apparent Weight in Lift
$R = m (g \pm a)$
+ when lift accelerates up, − when it accelerates down. Free fall ⇒ R = 0 (weightless).